Hip flexion: the absolute angle between the femur and a vertical line perpendicular to the treadmill the blue anglethrough trochanter major of femur the pink angle. Knee flexion: the relative angle between tibia and femur the green angle. Print screen picture of the quantified angles.
The software associated with Kinovea automatically calculated the angles.
This angle represented the hip flexion angle. A second goniometer was placed on the treadmill vertically below the greater trochanter and the horizontal spike was aligned with the rear edge of the treadmill and the vertical spike was set through the greater trochanter, symbolizing a plumb line.Ī third goniometer was placed centered on the greater trochanter with one spike fitted through the lateral femoral condyle and one aligned with the plumb line. This angle represented the knee flexion angle. The joint angles were quantified by measurement functions in Kinovea by four steps: 1. In brief, the standardized protocol involved the procedure for the raters quantification of knee flexion the relative angle between tibia and femur and their quantification of hip flexion the absolute angle between the femur and a vertical line perpendicular to the treadmill, through trochanter major of femur Figure 1 on five consecutive video time frames for foot strike using the fixed video time frame identified during phase one. Initially, the video time frame, defined as the duration of one frame 0. Seven participants were excluded because of low video quality. Prior to or during the quantification process, the raters had the opportunity to comment on the eligibility of each video for inclusion if they needed, based on the video quality by means of illumination, blurriness or other image quality factors that could bias the digitalization of the video and thereby, the raters quantification of joint angles. During the second session, the participants ran at the same pace as during the first session mean The participants were running in their own shoes, which were identical during both sessions. All recordings were obtained while the participants were running on a commercially available treadmill Run Xt Promodel D, Technogym, Italy illuminated by a W halogen lamp. The stationary stand was located at a distance of 1. The local data protection agency approved the project.Īll the participants provided informed consent. The Local Ethical Committee evaluated the study protocol and waived the request of ethics approval since the study design was observational.
Validity implies that measurements are relatively free from error and are highly dependent on the premise that any measurement must be reliable in order to be valid. These results should be interpreted with caution in relation to running, since the validity of the 2D motion analysis techniques were measured during walking gait.
However, the methodology is time consuming, expensive and consequently, less suitable for field research and clinical use. The popularity of running has increased remarkably the past 40 years. Similarly, the hip angles varied three to seven degrees within day and nine to 11 degrees between day. Two blinded raters quantified joint angles on each video twice with freeware motion analysis software Kinovea 0. Eighteen recreational runners were recorded twice using a clinical 2D video setup during treadmill running.